Rig State detection

Live provides an solution that user a finite state machine algorithm to analyze and determine the current and past well states called Rig State

The rig state plugin can be found in the marketplace

Global Parameters

The global parameters are initially configured with values predefined by the RigState plugin itself, but can be modified by the user. Changing these parameters is reflected in all rigs that do not have a customized set of parameters (Presets), resulting in a global impact on the Live.

Steps to configure:

1. Access the RigState configuration screen.

Rig state configuration menu

Rig state configuration page

1. Find the parameter you wish to update and enter the new value and save.

Rig state configuration page

Physical Model Configuration - Presets

Presets are sets of customizable hyperparameters for rigs, allowing different rigs to use distinct parameters in the RigState state detection algorithms. By default, each rig receives an initial Preset that reflects the values of the global parameters. Additionally, it is possible to create, duplicate, and delete new Presets as needed.

Physical models configuration modal

Steps to use Presets:

The Physical Model Configuration modal can be accessed through the Asset Rig configuration dropdown menu.

Rig config dropdown

Create Preset

1. Click the "Create New Preset" button and enter a name for the Preset.

New preset button

New preset modal

1. Change the parameters as necessary and save.

Physical models parameters table

Update Preset

1. Select the Preset you wish to duplicate.

Preset list

1. Click the Duplicate button.

Dubplicate preset button

1. Enter the name of the new Preset.

Duplicate preset modal

1. Change the parameters as necessary and save the modifications.

Delete Preset

1. Select the Preset you wish to delete.

2. Click the Delete button.

Delete preset button

1. Confirm the deletion of the Preset.

Delete preset modal

Activate Preset

1. Select the preset you wish to activate.

2. Click the activate button.

Activate preset button

Pipes functions

State detection is performed through Pipes functions that must be used in the Pipes console. Below is an example of a Pipes query to apply the RigState algorithm, according to the configuration of the RigState screen.

-- Be sure that the channels below are configured in "Identification" column in "Standard Channels" page.
def @@mnemonics: 
(@@channels.weight_on_bit, 
@@channels.hole_depth, 
@@channels.rotary_speed, 
@@channels.rate_of_penetration, 
@@channels.bit_depth, 
@@channels.fluid_flow, 
@@channels.block_position, 
@@channels.weight_on_hook,
@@channels.standpipe,
@@channels.torque);

def @@event:'SomeEventType':const; -- The 'SomeEventType' should be replaced by type of generated event in Rigs Data Management.
def @@rigName:'SomeRigName':const; -- The 'SomeRigName' should be replaced by the Rig name.

@@event .timestamp:adjusted_index_timestamp mnemonic!:@@mnemonics
=> @rig_state_full @@rigName, null,  @@mnemonics

How to use tab in Rig state Configuration page

Available Functions

The Rig State plugin offers the following functions for state calculations:

• @rig_state

This function generates a simplified list of events, presenting only the title of the state and the corresponding color that represents it.

Rig state pipes function

Rig state event

• @rig_state_full

This function generates a comprehensive list of events, presenting the states in detail. It includes the title of the state, the corresponding color, indicators, parameters used, and information about missing data.

Rig state full pipes function

Rig state event

• @normalized_indicators

This function calculates all the indicators used by the RigState algorithm based on the normalized events and returns these indicators, along with the parameters used in the calculations.

Normalized indicators pipe function

Rig state event

The old opmode functions are still available for compatibility reasons:

• drilling.normalized_opmode

Pipe function: drilling.normalized_opmode

• normalized_operation_mode

Pipe function: normalized_operation_mode

To use the configuration of a specific rig one can use one of the functions that receive the rig name as the first parameter:\

• drilling.rig_state

Pipe function: drilling.rig_state

Pipe function: drilling.rig_state

Pipe function: drilling.rig_state

• drilling.normalized_rig_state

Pipe function: drilling.normalized_rig_state

Above an example of the query used to retrieve the rig state of a rig by name:

def @@mnemonics: (@@channels.weight_on_bit, @@channels.hole_depth, @@channels.rotary_speed, @@channels.rate_of_penetration, @@channels.bit_depth, @@channels.fluid_flow, @@channels.block_position, @@channels.weight_on_hook); event_type .timestamp:adjusted_index_timestamp mnemonic!:@@mnemonics

=> expand drilling.normalized_rig_state("rigName", adjusted_index_timestamp#, mnemonic, value#, uom, @@mnemonics!) every 15 seconds => @set operating_mode != prev(operating_mode) ? random(), 0 as r => @throttle 2 min by operating_mode, r => @filter operating_mode != 'UNDEFINED' && operating_mode != null => @yield newmap(operating_mode, 1:object(), 'timestamp', timestamp#, '__color', newmap(operating_mode, __color)\

Pipe function: drilling.normalized_rig_state

Pipe function: drilling.normalized_rig_state

Dashboards

In the following image, it is possible to see the result of the stand length changed in the rig configuration, for the same time period on the dashboard the representation is updated due to the new value passed to the physical model algorithm.\

Rig state detection comparison using algorithms and configuration by rig

Unit configuration

It is possible to configure the rig state detection units constants per rig

Units configuration for rig state detection

Default Value - RigState Parameters

This topic describes how to configure the Rig State detection and it defines all parameters considered and how they impact the Rig State detection.

Parameter	Description and use in RigState
Pipe Lenght	Drill pipe or Casing/Liner joint length
Stand Length	The number of drill pipes or joints that compose a stand. If the bit depth moves more than one stand 'is tripping' is set as true.
Block Weight	Weight of Block or hook load when the drillpipe is 'in slips'. It is the sum of Travelling block weight and Top Drive Weight (Derrick Info).
Minimum Fluid Flow	The minimum fluid flow to set true as 'is circulating'. Flow rate > minimum fluid flow --> is circulating Flow rate <= minimum fluid flow -> is not circulating
Minimum Rotary Speed	The minimum Rotatory Speed to set true as 'is rotating'. Rotatory Speed > minimum Rotatory Speed -> is rotating Rotatory Speed <= minimum Rotatory Speed -> is not rotating
Minimum Rotary Speed	The minimum Rotatory Speed to set true as 'is rotating'. Rotatory Speed > minimum Rotatory Speed -> is rotating Rotatory Speed <= minimum Rotatory Speed -> is not rotating
Minimum Weight On Bit	The minimum Weight On Bit to set true as 'has weight on bit'. Rotatory Speed > minimum Rotatory Speed -> is rotating Rotatory Speed <= minimum Rotatory Speed -> is not rotating
Minimum Torque	The Minimum Torque to set true as 'has torque'. Torque > minimum torque -> has torque Torque <= minimum torque -> has not torque
Minimum Standpipe Pressure	The Minimum Standpipe Pressure to set true as 'has spp’. Standpipe pressure > Minimum Standpipe Pressure -> has standpipe pressure Standpipe pressure <= Minimum Standpipe Pressure -> has no standpipe pressure
Minimum Rate Of Penetration	The Minimum Rate Of Penetration to set true as 'is penetrating'. ROP > Minimum Rate Of Penetration-> is penetrating ROP <= Minimum Rate Of Penetration -> is not penetrating
Bottom Depth Tolerance	The threshold to define if the bit is on bottom or off bottom. Hole depth - bit depth > bottom depth tolerance -> off bottom Hole depth - bit depth < bottom depth tolerance -> on bottom
Movement Threshold	Movement threshold is used to define if the bit depth and hole depth are constant or not.
Block Weight Tolerance Threshold	Used to define if the hook load is near Travelling Block Weight or not
Hook Load Ratio Threshold	Used to define which variation the hook load is increasing or decreasing
Connection Timeout	Maximum connection time
Minimum Operation	Minimum time to leave of one specific micro rig state (minimum duration of the rigState).
Low Bit Depth Threshold	BHA length. When bit depth is lower than this length the rig state is defined as Column Assembly.
Data Period	Data periodicity (1s, 5s, etc) - Used to calculate the Sliding window length. Impact on OP Mode switch delay.

Default settings and guidelines for adjustment per rig

Parameter	Default Values	Guideline Range (Metris)	Guideline Range (Imperial)
Pipe Lenght	9.14m 30ft	7-15 m	23-49ft
Stand Length	3	1-5
Block Weight	250000N 25tf 55klft	10-100tf	22-220 klbf
Minimum Fluid Flow	0.0008m3/s 50lpm 13 gpm	30-150l/min	8-40gpm
Minimum Rotary Speed	0.21 rad/s 2 RPM	1-4 RPM
Minimum Weight On Bit	2000 N 200 kgf 440 lbf	50-500 kgf	110-1100 lbf
Minimum Torque	500 N.m 370 lbf.ft	200-800 N.m	150-590 lbf.ft
Minimum Standpipe Pressure	500000 Pa 5 bar 73 psi	2 - 7 bar	30-100 psi
Minimum Rate Of Penetration	0.0003 m/s 1m/h 3 ft/h	0.5 - 2 m/h	1.6-6.5 ft/h
Bottom Depth Tolerance	0.45 m 1.5 ft	0.3 - 0.7m	1 - 2.5ft
Movement Threshold	0.2 m 0.7 ft	0.1 - 0.3 m	0.3 - 1ft
Block Weight Tolerance Threshold	0.15	0.05 - 10
Hook Load Ratio Threshold	0.5	0.1-10
Connection Timeout	1200 s 20 min	10-60 min
Minimum Operation	10000 ms 10 s	5-60s
Low Bit Depth Threshold	400m 1300 ft	200-600m	650-1970ft
Data Period	1 s	1-20s